PHP

Requirements

• PHP 8.3.x
• Composer 2.x
• Ekstensi umum: mbstring, openssl, pdo, tokenizer, xml, ctype, json

php -v && composer -V && php -m

Composer

composer init
composer require guzzlehttp/guzzle
composer install
composer update
composer dump-autoload

Variabel, string, array

$name = "SaidQB"; $age = 8; $active = true;
$tags = ["php", "laravel", "livewire"];
$config = ["debug" => true, "port" => 8000];

"Halo $name, umur {$age} tahun";               // string interpolation
sprintf("%s - %d", $name, $age);

array_map(fn($x) => $x * 2, [1, 2, 3]);
array_filter($tags, fn($t) => $t !== 'php');
array_merge($a, $b);
in_array('php', $tags);

Control flow & function

if ($age >= 18) { ... } elseif ($age >= 13) { ... } else { ... }
foreach ($tags as $tag) { ... }
for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) { ... }
match ($status) { 'active' => 'Aktif', default => 'Lainnya' };

function greet(string $name, string $greeting = "Halo"): string
{
    return "{$greeting}, {$name}!";
}

$square = fn($x) => $x * $x;                    // arrow function

Class, constructor promotion, exception

class User
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $name,
        public string $email,
    ) {}

    public function greet(): string
    {
        return "Halo, {$this->name}";
    }
}

try {
    $result = 10 / $divisor;
} catch (DivisionByZeroError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
} finally {
    echo "selesai";
}

Null safety

$name = $user->name ?? 'Unknown';
$city = $user?->address?->city;

Enum (8.1+)

enum Status: string
{
    case Active = 'active';
    case Inactive = 'inactive';

    public function label(): string
    {
        return match ($this) {
            self::Active => 'Aktif',
            self::Inactive => 'Nonaktif',
        };
    }
}

Status::Active->value;   // 'active'
Status::from('active');  // Status::Active

Fitur baru PHP 8.3

class Status
{
    const string ACTIVE = 'active';             // typed class constant
}

class Child extends Base
{
    #[\Override]                                 // error compile kalau parent tidak punya method ini
    public function greet(): string { return 'Hello'; }
}

json_validate('{"name": "budi"}');               // true — cek JSON valid tanpa decode penuh

Array Functions

array_diff(arr1, arr2 ...)
array_filter(arr, function)
array_flip(arr)
array_intersect(arr1, arr2 ...)
array_merge(arr1, arr2 ...)
array_pop(arr)
array_push(arr, var1, var2 ...)
array_reverse(arr)
array_search(needle, arr)
array_walk(arr, function)
array_unique(arr)
array_keys(arr)
array_values(arr)
array_slice(arr, offset, len)
array_column(arr, column_key)
count(arr)
in_array(needle, haystack)

String Functions

crypt(str, salt)
explode(sep, str)
implode(glue, arr)
nl2br(str)
sprintf(fmt, args)
strip_tags(str, allowed_tags)
str_replace(search, replace, str)
str_contains(haystack, needle)
str_starts_with(haystack, needle)
str_pad(str, len, pad_str)
strpos(str, needle)
strrev(str)
strstr(str, needle)
strtolower(str)
strtoupper(str)
trim(str, chars)
substr(str, start, len)

Filesystem Functions

clearstatcache()
copy(source, dest)
fclose(handle)
fgets(handle, len)
file(file)
filemtime(file)
filesize(file)
file_exists(file)
file_get_contents(file)
file_put_contents(file, data)
fopen(file, mode)
fread(handle, len)
fwrite(handle, str)
readfile(file)
unlink(file)

Regex Functions

Fungsi lama ereg/split/ereg_replace sudah dihapus dari PHP (sejak 5.3/7.0) — pakai keluarga preg_* (PCRE) di bawah ini.

preg_match(pattern, str)
preg_match_all(pattern, str, arr)
preg_replace(pattern, replace, str)
preg_replace_callback(pattern, callback, str)
preg_split(pattern, str)
preg_grep(pattern, arr)
preg_quote(str)

Regex Syntax

Pattern	Arti
^	Awal string
$	Akhir string
.	Karakter apa saja (satu)
(a|b)	a atau b
(...)	Group / capture section
[abc]	Salah satu dari a, b, c
[^abc]	Bukan a, b, atau c
\s	Whitespace
\d	Digit (0-9)
\w	Word character (huruf/angka/_)
a?	Nol atau satu a
a*	Nol atau lebih a
a+	Satu atau lebih a
a{3}	Tepat 3 kali a
a{3,}	3 kali atau lebih a
a{3,6}	3 sampai 6 kali a
\	Escape character